A complete guide to the world you want

                   Are white people more intelligent than black people?

           First of all,let me give all my thanks to everyone here in the group ,especially those whose contributions to shed light on this topic  embody a  critical thinking that is much needed .We have for long being taught philosophy and schooled not for the sake  of acting like school material -ruled ,governed people ,but to draw the conclusion of what  serves the person we want to be.We shall then remember that education is nothing more than a history of men and women who ,with much effort and observation,have  designing a  rhapsody of ideas  to be taught .They have packaged them into contents and signed  them as their own creation.Education in all its entirety is not a mysterious emanation or something higher than what you think .It is a fruit of a poised mind which has been handed down to past generation to be given to you and me.It keeps on going through mind manufacture for refreshing , readaptation ,correction and for complementing.It still holds the very power of inspiration that rings our spirit as learners.Education is a mind -manufactured fruit which belongs to the humanity.

     So let’s me have my say on the topic raised above.

     It is a common truth that colonization has played a key role in the history of the black world.When the white man first set foots in Africa,he found black creatures pretty different from him.In his efforts to culturally inflluence them ,he sent them at school where they were reminded of their black color and taught about western mind superiority .The aim was to make them understand that they cannot do better than White or top them.This was unfortunately drilled deep into black people mind and was handed down to us.We bear it within us.It is consciously or subconsciously sealed in our mind.We may wonder if we haven't sacked it or if it is a genetic inheritance.That is a truth we must accept and recorrect .We ought to never bend down to it if we want to live in our originality.

    So as we recognize the paramount importance of white people breakthrough on  empty lands and major discoveries  recorded in the marble of different medias,we shall  at the same signal the pitfalls of the so valued white people intelligency.

Charles DARWIN ,father of evolution theory and influential precursor of psychlogical studies and experiments,has himself declared that women are intellectually inferior to men.GODDARD (google him for more) in his effort to find a response to the decreasing intelligence average in US ,suggested that boys and girls with advanced IQ should form couples so as to give birth to intelligent children.As a consequence,a great number of black people were deported  after IQ tests found them ineligible .They were  tagged inferior and not  needed in  the land of brainy people.

    Today,after years-long time  of hesitations and questioning,we can firmly assert that the intellectual heritage of eminent brainy persons whose theories  are ours while sitting exam or having a look at quotes left to us by them is not to the full the truth or truths Universals and Relativists have been debating over .Rather than reflecting  the good of the human thought,the ideas that we often have on our shelves in school libraries or in booklets are not for food for memory,but food for thought.We shall then be able to move beyond stereotypes such as that of Darwin.We shall seek to know through  ourselves ,not by swallowing every philosophy or theory coming our way.We can overcome stereotypes by tapping into our originality ;by stepping in the path where we will be building our future ,not confronting the past or correcting the controversial words of  our forefathers.

The idea of white people intellectual superiority has overshadowed the history of Africa till now.From the very times of our generation,that stereotype was handed down to us; since we have been struggling to acknowledge our identity as we were shaken in our inner being.We suffered and endured a mental grievance,a long-standing ache that haunts us today.

  And so as  we know how much this has inhibited so many in their move to find whom they are,let stick to marching into the steps of those who successfully acted against that like OBAMA whose move to the US presidential mansion has defied any color-centered interpretation and questioning of black people ability ,boosting afro-american students’ ranking in class.

             First of all,let's me remind that this topic  embodies a  critical thinking that is much needed .

           We have for long being taught philosophy and schooled not for the sake  of acting like school material -ruled ,governed people ,but to draw the conclusion of what  serves the person we want to be.We shall then remember that education is nothing more than a history of men and women who ,with much effort and observation,have  designing a  rhapsody of ideas  to be taught .They have packaged them into contents and signed  them as their own creation.Education in all its entirety is not a mysterious emanation or something higher than what you think .It is a fruit of a poised mind which has been handed down to past generation to be given to you and me.It keeps on going through mind manufacture for refreshing , readaptation ,correction and for complementing.It still holds the very power of inspiration that rings our spirit as learners.Education is a mind -manufactured fruit which belongs to the humanity.

     So let’s me have my say on the topic raised above.

     It is a common truth that colonization has played a key role in the history of the black world.When the white man first sets foots in Africa,he found black creatures pretty different from him.In his efforts to culturally inflluence them ,he sent them at school where they were reminded of their black color and taught about western mind superiority .The aim was to make them understand that they cannot do better than White or top them.This was unfortunately drilled deep into black people mind and was handed down to us.We bear it within us.It is consciously or subconsciously sealed in our mind.We may wonder if we haven't sacked it or if it is a genetic inheritance.That is a truth we must accept and recorrect .We ought to never bend down to it if we want to live in our originality.

    So as we recognize the paramount importance of white people breakthrough on  empty lands and major discoveries  recorded in the marble of different medias,we shall  at the same signal the pitfalls of the so valued white people intelligency.

Charles DARWIN ,father of evolution theory and influential precursor of psychlogical studies and experiments,has himself declared that women are intellectually inferior to men.GODDARD (google him for more) in his effort to find a response to the decreasing intelligence average in US ,suggested that boys and girls with advanced IQ should form couples so as to give birth to intelligent children.As a consequence,a great number of black people were deported  after IQ tests found them ineligible .They were  tagged inferior and not  needed in  the land of brainy people.

    Today,after years-long time  of hesitations and questioning,we can firmly assert that the intellectual heritage of eminent brainy persons whose theories  are ours while sitting exam or having a look at quotes left to us by them is not to the full the truth or truths Universals and Relativists have been debating over .Rather than reflecting  the good of the human thought,the ideas that we often have on our shelves in school libraries or in booklets are not for food for memory,but food for thought.We shall then be able to move beyond stereotypes such as that of Darwin.We shall seek to know through  ourselves ,not by swallowing every philosophy or theory coming our way.We can overcome stereotypes by tapping into our originality ;by stepping in the path where we will be building our future ,not confronting the past or correcting the controversial words of  our forefathers.

The idea of white people intellectual superiority has overshadowed the history of Africa till now.From the very times of our generation,that stereotype was handed down to us; since we have been struggling to acknowledge our identity as we were shaken in our inner being.We suffered and endured a mental grievance,a long-standing ache that haunts us today.

  And so as  we know how much this has inhibited so many in their move to find whom they are,let stick to marching into the steps of those who successfully acted against that like OBAMA whose move to the US presidential mansion has defied any color-centered interpretation and questioning of black people ability ,boosting afro-american students’ ranking in class.

NGABIRANO  Léandre  :  Bujumbura , 02/26/2016

Essay topic: Learning from history to make a brighter future

             People in their own ways of life do not need to be convinced that studying history is worthwhile. Every person loves and wants to get more about history as we all want to know more about the past because we find it challenging, exciting or unqualified. And by expanding the common experience to the lives of men and women in different times and places, history teaches us valuable things both about others and ourselves to walk the way ahead in harmony and progress. So as we are taught, we learn .And  learning history makes a brighter future-men come to understand who they are, draw lessons from their past, set out to establish foundations of a new and promising future.

                 Firstly, we live in a period of an accelerated move to the point that no one seems able to predict their outcome. We prefer, much time, to define ourselves in terms of our future, not in terms of our very origin. We sometimes believe that our forefathers live their time and that we are living ours. However, this indifference towards our past holds no grounds. It is known that he who controls the past controls the future. Our history then matters. It dictates what answers to offer to problems we encounter in our lifetime. For example, a doctor gives to his patient an information sheet to be filled out. Upon medical information provided on the sheet, the doctor can determine what treatment to be prescribed. The medical past of the patient helps him build an accurate picture of the state of health of the patient and deliver the right treatment. His past determine what will happen next. The past controls the future and understanding and mastering the past sheds light on who we are and how we get there.   

               Secondly, as we come to understand who we are, we trace back our history which may be a fruit of civilization shock, dominion of an ethnical group over another or armed confrontations between rival nations. Lessons of   warfare and social movement are both part of our past and our future. They help us understand how and why things happen and thereby help prevent us from repeating the same mistakes. For instance, two ethnical groups may be on the brink of imminent confrontations over political seats or power misunderstandings. Any further move could result in killings, and many people would lose their life. But, because history acts as reminder to our present; clues as to what has to be done and what to be avoided are provided by the past, which may be a tragic one. It is then known that organizing around a discussion table helps preserve life of people. History can be a great teacher and source of wisdom as George SANTAYANA has put it out: «Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. »

                        Thirdly, further to the above, it is clear that we are likely to better know ourselves if we understand who we are and what it took us to be the person we are. History shows how our present is connected to the past and that we cannot make anything happen if we want to set ourselves apart from it. A modern- day aircraft is an evolution of the old-version of the same aircraft which has been refined through time. A democratic government is a fruit of an ongoing successive lawmaking process and decisions that, through years, have led to building   a strong ruling system. Trial, errors and improvements from our history help us determine the achievements of tomorrow. History guides us in understanding the present and why something is likely to happen because of examples we have in the past. That is how the future is built upon the history and emerges from it.

              Finally, everything someone partakes in has a history. History is our future. When we will realize and understand where we come from and how we got to where we are, history helps us not only picture the future ahead ,but also shape the path, the better path for us and the coming  generation. And without history, there could be no future endeavors.     

               African startups & medical sector opportunities: Malaria case                                                                                                                                                  

                                        pic.1: who.int | pic.2: academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu | pic.3: malariamatters.org | pic.4: cdc.gov | pic.5: healthtap.com By Ghislain Kezabahizi, Ottawa pictures sources: many sources Context: July 2013 Notes: republished from Afri-cultures with author autorization...                                    

          Léandre NGABIRANO,student,faculty of Psychology,University of Burundi

       What you ought to bear in mind:

                    The purpose of education is not to equip you with knowlegde you gonna use in your daily life ,to secure a job or score a career goal .Education is no longer learning from somebody else mastering  a concept to be reproduced when sitting a test.It is self-learning and learning by doing as LOCKE put it out.The reason why we attend school is the simple fact that all humans need to awaken their curiosity often slumbering within them.

                    The whole philosophy of education in this century is tailored to awaken the curiosity of the child.That is how we are supposed to learn.Platon,a great greek philosopher put it out before this way: "Knowledge and its apprenticeship are on the side of the learner" ( from course syllabus ,Histoire critique de l'Education by Gaudence NIYONSABA).These men existed in quite different times, but both of them stressed on the fact that the learner is responsible for his learning. Platon existed in 200BC.Rousseau was among the leading thinkers of the 18th AD and his writings came to effect a new era in the field of education.His book titled 'Emile ' served and is still  pictured as a reference and a source of the modern pedagogy.

                  So  the responsability of one's education remains a personal endeavor to be thought of in the sense of the person you become everyday.Do not believe in degrees only.Instead  go for any venture that has the potential to bring the best ouf yourself, to help you believe in the person you want to be.A degree often reminds you of your successful  academic background,but it  cannot lead you to life excellency.Be  a knowleageable person,develop self-study and train yourself continuously.Career may ebb and flow, but your mind will never.What is in is.What is out is out. You may find all of this is shit.What you have to know is that nothing on this planet can replace knowledge.Even love does not prevent marriage from breaking off ,but knowledge do.Develop networking purposefully and with the right people;those who are willing to let you show who you are and what you can.Those who are ready to let you get into action.Invest in your own education as MUNROE said.You don't know what you don't know.

     As you embark on this journey , Doctor PULOS ,a psychologist and neurosciences teacher has something to tell you.Here's what he discovered: 

                                      A human being at his birth has approximately 120 billions of gliar cells or neurons . At every action or decision taken in the conscious mind,2,000 neurons are engaged.All unused gliar cells end up by becoming dormants.

                 Education is out of limit.Never allow your mind to sleep,but take time to have a rest,to refresh it.